kingdom of God was manifested in the community of his disciples between his death and the Parousia. “Jesus saw the Kingdom of God to be present before the Parousia, which he thought to be imminent, only in his own person and his works; he knew no other realization of the eschatological consummation.”57 George Eldon Ladd (d. 1982) maintained that “kingdom of heaven” and “kingdom of God” are Semitic and Greek linguistic variants of the same idea. The kingdom is a complex reality with abstract and concrete